為了使車架與車身的振動(dòng)敏捷衰減，改進(jìn)轎車跋涉的平順性和舒適性，轎車懸架體系上一般都裝有減震器，現(xiàn)在轎車上廣泛選用的是雙向效果筒式減震器。
In order to make the vibration of the frame and body attenuate quickly and improve the ride comfort and comfort of the car, the suspension system of the car is usually equipped with shock absorbers. Now the two-way effect cylinder shock absorber is widely used in the car.
減震器是轎車使用過程中的易損配件，減震器作業(yè)好壞，將直接影響轎車跋涉的平穩(wěn)性和其它機(jī)件的壽數(shù)，因此我們應(yīng)使減震器常常處于出色的作業(yè)狀態(tài)。可用下列辦法查驗(yàn)減震器的作業(yè)是否出色。
Shock absorber is a vulnerable part in the use of car. The operation of shock absorber will directly affect the stability of car trekking and the life of other parts. Therefore, we should make shock absorber in excellent working condition. The following methods can be used to check whether the shock absorber works well.
使轎車在路途條件較差的路面上跋涉10km后停車，用手摸減震器外殼，假設(shè)不行熱，說明減震器內(nèi)部無阻力，減震器不作業(yè)。此時(shí)，可參加恰當(dāng)?shù)臐?rùn)滑油，再進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，若外殼發(fā)熱，則為減震器內(nèi)部缺油，應(yīng)加足油。
It makes the car stop after trudging 10 km on the road with poor road conditions, and touches the shock absorber shell by hand. Assuming no heat, it shows that there is no resistance inside the shock absorber and the shock absorber does not work. At this time, you can take part in the appropriate lubricating oil, and then carry out the test. If the shell is heated, there will be a lack of oil in the shock absorber, and oil should be added.
不然，說明減震器失效;用力按下保險(xiǎn)杠，然后松開，假設(shè)轎車有2~3次跳動(dòng)，則說明減震器作業(yè)出色;當(dāng)轎車緩慢跋涉而緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)，若轎車振動(dòng)比較劇烈，說明減震器有問題。
Otherwise, it means that the shock absorber fails; press the bumper hard and release it, assuming that the car runs 2-3 times, it means that the shock absorber works well; when the car trudges slowly and brakes urgently, if the vibration of the car is more intense, it means that the shock absorber has problems.
拆下減震器將其直立，并把下端聯(lián)接環(huán)夾于臺(tái)鉗上，用力拉壓減振桿數(shù)次，此時(shí)應(yīng)有安穩(wěn)的阻力，往上拉的阻力應(yīng)大于向下壓時(shí)的阻力，如阻力不安穩(wěn)或無阻力，可能是減震器內(nèi)部缺油或閥門零件損壞，應(yīng)進(jìn)行修正或替換零件。
Remove the shock absorber and erect it. Clamp the lower end connection ring on the bench clamp. Pull the shock absorber rod several times with force. At this time, there should be stable resistance. The resistance to pull up should be greater than that to press down. If the resistance is unstable or no resistance, it may be oil shortage inside the shock absorber or damage to the valve parts, the parts should be corrected or replaced.
在斷定減震器有問題或失效后，應(yīng)先檢查減震器是否漏油或有陳舊性漏油的痕跡。
After determining that the shock absorber is defective or invalid, it is necessary to check whether the shock absorber leaks oil or has traces of obsolete oil leakage.
油封墊圈、密封墊圈決裂損壞，貯油缸蓋螺母松動(dòng)。可能是油封、密封墊圈損壞失效，應(yīng)替換新的密封件。假設(shè)依然不能消除漏油，應(yīng)拉出減震器，若感到有發(fā)卡或輕重紛歧時(shí)，再進(jìn)一步檢查活塞與缸筒間的空地是否過大，減震器活塞連桿有無曲折，活塞連桿外表和缸筒是否有劃傷或拉痕。
Oil seal gasket, seal gasket crack damage, storage cylinder head nut loose. It may be that the oil seal and gasket are damaged and invalid. New seals should be replaced. Assuming that the oil leakage can not be eliminated, the shock absorber should be pulled out. If there is a hairpin or discrepancy in weight, the space between the piston and cylinder should be further checked to see if it is too large, whether the piston connecting rod of the shock absorber is tortuous, whether there are scratches or scratches on the surface of the piston connecting rod and cylinder.
果減震器沒有漏油的現(xiàn)象，則應(yīng)檢查減震器聯(lián)接銷、聯(lián)接桿、聯(lián)接孔、橡膠、襯套等是否有損壞、脫焊、決裂或掉落之處。若上述檢查正常。
If there is no oil leakage in the shock absorber, it is necessary to check whether there are any damages, soldering, cracks or drops in the connecting pins, connecting rods, connecting holes, rubber and bushings of the shock absorber. If the above examination is normal.
則應(yīng)進(jìn)一步分解減震器，檢查活塞與缸筒間的協(xié)作空地是否過大，缸筒有無拉傷，閥門密封是否出色，閥瓣與閥座貼合是否嚴(yán)密，以及減震器的蔓延彈簧是否過軟或折斷，依據(jù)狀況采用修磨或換件的辦法修補(bǔ)。
The shock absorber should be further decomposed to check whether the collaboration space between piston and cylinder is too large, whether cylinder is pulled, whether valve seal is excellent, whether the valve disc and seat fit tightly, and whether the spreader spring of the shock absorber is too soft or broken. According to the condition, repair or replacement is adopted.
別的，減震器在實(shí)際使用中會(huì)出現(xiàn)宣布響聲的毛病，這首要是因?yàn)闇p震器與鋼板彈簧、車架或軸相碰撞，膠墊損壞或掉落以及減震器防塵筒變形，油液缺乏等原因引起的，應(yīng)查明原因，予以修補(bǔ)。
In addition, there will be announcement noise in the actual use of shock absorbers. This is mainly due to the collision between shock absorbers and leaf springs, frame or axles, damage or fall of rubber pads, deformation of shock absorber dust cylinder, lack of oil and other reasons. The reasons should be identified and repaired.
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